In particular, the Institution remembers the victories of William III and his forces in Ireland in the early 1690s, especially the Battle of the Boyne. The Orange Institution commemorates the civil and religious privileges conferred on Protestants by William of Orange, the Dutch prince who became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. William III ("William of Orange") King of England, Scotland and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Netherlands 5.1 Association of Loyal Orangewomen of Ireland.2.7 Relationship with loyalist paramilitaries.Orange marches through Irish Catholic neighbourhoods are controversial and have often led to violence, such as the Drumcree conflict. As a strict Protestant society, it does not accept non-Protestants as members unless they convert and adhere to the principles of Orangeism, nor does it accept Protestants married to Catholics. The Order sees itself as defending Protestant civil and religious liberties, whilst critics accuse it of being sectarian, triumphalist and supremacist. Thus it has traditionally opposed Irish nationalism/ republicanism and campaigned against Scottish independence. The Orange Order is a conservative, British unionist and Ulster loyalist organisation. The order is best known for its yearly marches, the biggest of which are held on or around 12 July ( The Twelfth), a public holiday in Northern Ireland. Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated Catholic king James II in the Williamite–Jacobite War (1688–1691). It is headed by the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, established in 1798. The Orange Order was founded by Ulster Protestants in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict, as a fraternity sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. It also has lodges in England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland, as well as in parts of the Commonwealth of Nations, Togo and the United States. The Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order, is an international Protestant fraternal order based in Northern Ireland and primarily associated with Ulster Protestants, particularly those of Ulster Scots heritage.
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